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NEW QUESTION 52
Failure of a contingency plan is usually:
- A. A management failure.
- B. A technical failure.
- C. Because of a lack of training.
- D. Because of a lack of awareness.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Failure of the contingency plan is usually considered as a management failure.
Incorrect Answers:
A: A technical failure is not usually thought to be a failure of the contingency plan.
C: A lack of awareness is not usually thought to be a failure of the contingency plan.
D: Lack of training is not usually thought to be a failure of the contingency plan.
NEW QUESTION 53
A security professional is asked to provide a solution that restricts a bank teller to only perform a savings deposit transaction but allows a supervisor to perform corrections after the transaction. Which of the following is the MOST effective solution?
- A. Access is determined by the system.
- B. Access is based on rules.
- C. Access is based on user's role.
- D. Access is based on data sensitivity.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 54
RAID Level 1 mirrors the data from one disk to set of disks using which of the following techniques?
- A. Copying the data onto another disk or set of disks.
- B. Establishing dual connectivity to another disk or set of disks.
- C. Moving the data onto another disk or set of disks.
- D. Establishing dual addressing to another disk or set of disks.
Answer: A
Explanation:
RAID 1 or Mirroring is a technique in which data is written to two duplicate disks simultaneously through a copy process. This way if one of the disk drives fails, the system can instantly switch to the other disk without any loss of data or service. Disk mirroring is used commonly in on-line database systems where it's critical that the data be accessible at all times. RAID means "Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks".
NEW QUESTION 55
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) uses a Message Authentication Code (MAC) for what purpose?
- A. message interleave checking.
- B. message integrity.
- C. message non-repudiation.
- D. message confidentiality.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A keyed hash also called a MAC (message authentication code) is used for integrity protection and authenticity. In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC) is a generated value used to authenticate a message. A MAC can be generated by HMAC or CBC-MAC methods. The MAC protects both a message's integrity (by ensuring that a different MAC will be produced if the message has changed) as well as its authenticity, because only someone who knows the secret key could have
modified the message.
MACs differ from digital signatures as MAC values are both generated and verified using the same
secret key. This implies that the sender and receiver of a message must agree on the same key
before initiating communications, as is the case with symmetric encryption. For the same reason,
MACs do not provide the property of non-repudiation offered by signatures specifically in the case
of a network-wide shared secret key: any user who can verify a MAC is also capable of generating
MACs for other messages.
HMAC
When using HMAC the symmetric key of the sender would be concatenated (added at the end)
with the message. The result of this process (message + secret key) would be put through a
hashing algorithm, and the result would be a MAC value. This MAC value is then appended to the
message being sent. If an enemy were to intercept this message and modify it, he would not have
the necessary symmetric key to create a valid MAC value. The receiver would detect the
tampering because the MAC value would not be valid on the receiving side.
CBC-MAC
If a CBC-MAC is being used, the message is encrypted with a symmetric block cipher in CBC
mode, and the output of the final block of ciphertext is used as the MAC. The sender does not
send the encrypted version of the message, but instead sends the plaintext version and the MAC
attached to the message. The receiver receives the plaintext message and encrypts it with the
same symmetric block cipher in CBC mode and calculates an independent MAC value. The
receiver compares the new MAC value with the MAC value sent with the message. This method
does not use a hashing algorithm as does HMAC.
Cipher-Based Message Authentication Code (CMAC)
Some security issues with CBC-MAC were found and they created Cipher-Based Message
Authentication Code (CMAC) as a replacement. CMAC provides the same type of data origin
authentication and integrity as CBC-MAC, but is more secure mathematically. CMAC is a variation
of CBC-MAC. It is approved to work with AES and Triple DES. HMAC, CBC-MAC, and CMAC
work higher in the network stack and can identify not only transmission errors (accidental), but
also more nefarious modifications, as in an attacker messing with a message for her own benefit.
This means all of these technologies can identify intentional, unauthorized modifications and
accidental changes- three in one.
The following are all incorrect answers:
"Message non-repudiation" is incorrect.
Nonrepudiation is the assurance that someone cannot deny something. Typically, nonrepudiation
refers to the ability to ensure that a party to a contract or a communication cannot deny the
authenticity of their signature on a document or the sending of a message that they originated. To repudiate means to deny. For many years, authorities have sought to make repudiation impossible in some situations. You might send registered mail, for example, so the recipient cannot deny that a letter was delivered. Similarly, a legal document typically requires witnesses to signing so that the person who signs cannot deny having done so. On the Internet, a digital signature is used not only to ensure that a message or document has been electronically signed by the person that purported to sign the document, but also, since a digital signature can only be created by one person, to ensure that a person cannot later deny that they furnished the signature.
"Message confidentiality" is incorrect. The Message confidentiality is protected by encryption not by hashing algorithms.
"Message interleave checking" is incorrect. This is a nonsense term included as a distractor.
Reference(s) used for this question: Harris, Shon (2012-10-25). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 1384). McGraw-Hill. Kindle Edition. and http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38B/SP_800-38B.pdf and http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/nonrepudiation and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code
NEW QUESTION 56
Which of the following is the GREATEST benefit of implementing a Role Based Access Control (RBAC) system?
- A. Integration using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- B. Form-based user registration process
- C. Integration with the organizations Human Resources (HR) system
- D. A considerably simpler provisioning process
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 57
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