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NEW QUESTION 38
In the context of Biometric authentication, what is a quick way to compare the accuracy of devices. In general, the device that have the lowest value would be the most accurate. Which of the following would be used to compare accuracy of devices?
- A. the FAR is used
- B. the FRR is used
- C. the FER is used
- D. the CER is used.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
equal error rate or crossover error rate (EER or CER): the rate at which both accept and reject errors are equal. The value of the EER can be easily obtained from the ROC curve. The EER is a quick way to compare the accuracy of devices with different ROC curves. In general, the device with the lowest EER is most accurate.
In the context of Biometric Authentication almost all types of detection permit a system's sensitivity to be increased or decreased during an inspection process. If the system's sensitivity is increased, such as in an airport metal detector, the system becomes increasingly selective and has a higher False Reject Rate (FRR).
Conversely, if the sensitivity is decreased, the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) will increase.
Thus, to have a valid measure of the system performance, the CrossOver Error Rate (CER) is used.
The following are used as performance metrics for biometric systems:
false accept rate or false match rate (FAR or FMR): the probability that the system incorrectly matches the input pattern to a non-matching template in the database. It measures the percent of invalid inputs which are incorrectly accepted. In case of similarity scale, if the person is imposter in real, but the matching score is higher than the threshold, then he is treated as genuine that increase the FAR and hence performance also depends upon the selection of threshold value.
false reject rate or false non-match rate (FRR or FNMR): the probability that the system fails to detect a match between the input pattern and a matching template in the database. It measures the percent of valid inputs which are incorrectly rejected.
failure to enroll rate (FTE or FER): the rate at which attempts to create a template from an input is unsuccessful. This is most commonly caused by low quality inputs.
failure to capture rate (FTC): Within automatic systems, the probability that the system fails to detect a biometric input when presented correctly.
template capacity: the maximum number of sets of data which can be stored in the system.
Reference(s) used for this question:
KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 37.
and
Wikipedia at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics
NEW QUESTION 39
Which of the following forms of authentication would most likely apply a digital signature algorithm to every bit of data that is sent from the claimant to the verifier?
- A. Encrypted authentication
- B. Robust authentication
- C. Continuous authentication
- D. Dynamic authentication
Answer: C
Explanation:
Continuous authentication is a type of authentication that provides protection against impostors who can see, alter, and insert information passed between the claimant and verifier even after the claimant/verifier authentication is complete. These are typically referred to as active attacks, since they assume that the imposter can actively influence the connection between claimant and verifier. One way to provide this form of authentication is to apply a digital signature algorithm to every bit of data that is sent from the claimant to the verifier. There are other combinations of cryptography that can provide this form of authentication but current strategies rely on applying some type of cryptography to every bit of data sent. Otherwise, any unprotected bit would be suspect. Robust authentication relies on dynamic authentication data that changes with each authenticated session between a claimant and a verifier, but does not provide protection against active attacks. Encrypted authentication is a distracter. Source: GUTTMAN, Barbara & BAGWILL, Robert, NIST Special Publication 800-xx, Internet Security Policy: A Technical Guide, Draft Version, May 25, 2000 (page 34).
NEW QUESTION 40
Which of the following transmission media would NOT be affected by cross talk or interference?
- A. Fiber optic cables
- B. Radio System
- C. Satellite radiolink
- D. Copper cable
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Network and Telecommunications
Explanation/Reference:
Only fiber optic cables are not affected by crosstalk or interference.
For your exam you should know the information about transmission media:
Copper Cable
Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data.
Copper has been used in electric wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the
1820s.The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor.
Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors.
Copper Cable
Image Source - http://i00.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/570456138/FRLS_HR_PVC_Copper_Cable.jpg Coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced 'ko.aks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cable used for carrying lower-frequency signals, such as audio signals, in that the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a radio frequency transmission line.
Coaxial cable are expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video Coaxial Cable
Image Source - http://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Images/Products/size_3/CARG59.JPG Fiber optics An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building.
Fiber optics used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video.
Radio System
Radio systems are used for short distance,cheap and easy to tap.
Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic signals through the atmosphere or free space.
Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.
Fiber Optics
Image Source - http://aboveinfranet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/fiber-optic-cables-above-infranet- solutions.jpg Microwave radio system Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimetre; these are called microwaves.
Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can.
Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy.
Microwave radio systems are carriers for voice data signal, cheap and easy to tap.
Microwave Radio System
Image Source - http://www.valiantcom.com/images/applications/e1_digital_microwave_radio.gif Satellite Radio Link Satellite radio is a radio service broadcast from satellites primarily to cars, with the signal broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio.
Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap.
The following answers are incorrect:
Copper Cable - Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data.
Radio System - Radio systems are used for short distance,cheap and easy to tap.
Satellite Radio Link - Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 265 &
Official ISC2 guide to CISSP CBK 3rd Edition Page number 233
NEW QUESTION 41
Which of the following statements is NOT true of IPSec Transport mode?
- A. It is required for gateways providing access to internal systems
- B. If used in gateway-to-host communication, gateway must act as host
- C. When ESP is used for the security protocol, the hash is only applied to the upper layer protocols contained in the packet
- D. Set-up when end-point is host or communications terminates at end-points
Answer: A
Explanation:
Source: TIPTON, Harold F. & KRAUSE, MICKI, Information Security Management Handbook, 4th Edition, Volume 2, 2001, CRC Press, NY, Pages 166-167.
NEW QUESTION 42
Which of the following is not a logical control when implementing logical access security?
- A. employee badges.
- B. access profiles.
- C. userids.
- D. passwords.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Access Control
Explanation/Reference:
Employee badges are considered Physical so would not be a logical control.
The following answers are incorrect:
userids. Is incorrect because userids are a type of logical control.
access profiles. Is incorrect because access profiles are a type of logical control.
passwords. Is incorrect because passwords are a type of logical control.
NEW QUESTION 43
......
